Steven Nickolas is a writer and has 10+ years of experience working as a consultant to retail and institutional investors. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She holds a Bachelor ...

Scott Nevil is an experienced writer and editor with a demonstrated history of publishing content for Investopedia. He goes in-depth to create informative and actionable content around monetary policy ...

Calculate dividends by subtracting year-end retained earnings from start-year retained earnings, then net income. Dividend payout ratio (DPR) is found by dividing total dividends by net income to ...

Abstract: Spatial correlation characteristics of sound field have significant impact on array gain. Compared with the single-sensor receiving scenario, the vertical array with multiple receivers can ...

Abstract: Ultra-stable glasses and ceramics with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are essential for a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. They are required e.g. in optical ...

Pre-whitening approaches have been widely used to remove the influence of serial correlations on the Mann-Kendall trend test (MK_prew). However, previous studies indicate that this procedure may lead ...

Data Foundation: Historical daily returns from Yahoo Finance API with comprehensive data validation Regime Modeling: Two-stage covariance adjustment process: Stage 1: Scale each covariance element Σ[i ...