Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis’ attempt to do away with anti-gerrymandering provisions in the state constitution had its first day in court Friday, as opposing attorneys pushed a Tallahassee judge to put a temporary hold on new congressional lines that created four additional GOP-leaning seats.

A Leon Circuit Court judge heard arguments Friday in a case challenging the new congressional districts passed by lawmakers last month, but made no immediate ruling.

Opponents say the map, approved by lawmakers in a recent special session and quickly approved by the governor, is an unconstitutional gerrymander that violates Florida’s Fair Districts amendments, app...