Alfvén waves are fundamental to the dynamics of space plasmas. New space missions, sophisticated rocket campaigns, and advances in radar networks and computer modeling have grown our understanding of ...

Permafrost across the Arctic is degrading, causing erosion as well as changes to microbial communities. Credit: Benjamin Jones/USGS/Flickr, Public Domain In the Arctic, a major variable for future ...

Climate models are essential tools for understanding and predicting our planet, but accurately setting their many internal parameters is complex and has been a labor-intensive manual task in the past.

Natural and engineered nature-based structures offer promise for storm-related disaster risk reduction and flood mitigation, as long as researchers can adequately monitor and study them. Protecting ...

Rainfall can wash topsoil from farm fields, a process that more extreme rainfall events will accelerate. Credit: John/Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0 Good topsoil does not accumulate quickly. Less than a tenth ...

Warm water flowing into fjords and beneath ice shelves will continue to be a prime cause of glacial melting as global temperatures rise. This melting will, in turn, contribute to sea level rise and ...

Feather fossils are rarely found in three dimensions and are even more rarely found in mineralized form. Credit: Edoardo Terranova Valentina Rossi first saw the 30,000-year-old griffon vulture as a ...

In high-latitude Arctic fjords, warming seas and reduced sea ice are boosting seaweed growth. This expansion of seaweed “forests” could alter the storage and cycling of carbon in coastal Arctic ...

Year after year, the solar system’s planets move around the Sun in a seemingly steady and unchanging orbital dance. But the Sun, planets, major moons, and dwarf planets constantly exchange ...

(A) Observed zonal-mean temperature trends from 8-30 kilometers during 2002-2022. Stippling indicates statistically significant trends at 95% confidence. The climatological lapse-rate tropopause ...

Dymer Creek (foreground) flows into the Chesapeake Bay near the town of White Stone, Va. The pH of coastal waterways such as the Chesapeake is influenced by both the acidification of the ocean and the ...

Conceptual schematics of (a) the conventional homogeneous core-shell (CS) treatment and (b) the new Advanced Black Carbon (ABC) for black carbon (BC) in aerosol optical simulations of Community ...