A bulging disc in your lower back is most often caused by naturally occurring changes as you age. Most bulging discs don’t cause symptoms, but they may progress to become herniated discs. Lower back ...

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major contributor to chronic low back pain and is characterized by significant alterations to the disc extracellular matrix (ECM) [1, 2]. The disc is composed of ...

Nonspecific low back pain (nLBP) lacks clear biomarkers, making diagnosis challenging. The disorder is commonly associated with annular fissures, which are hypothesized to trigger nerve endings to ...