In both the natural world and human society, there commonly exist complex systems, such as climate systems, ecological systems, and network systems. Due to the involvement of numerous interacting ...

In Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR), sinusoidal modulation is applied to the output frequency of a light source, with spatial resolution inversely related to the modulation ...

Scattering in media has unique inherent randomness. Fiber Rayleigh scattering is one of the typical scattering effects. The exploration and understanding of the characteristics of fiber Rayleigh ...

Spin glass theory, as a paradigm for describing disordered magnetic systems, constitutes a prominent subject of study within statistical physics. Replica symmetry breaking (RSB), as one of the pivotal ...