All solutions of dissolved salts contain equal numbers of dissociated positive and negative charges. This simple principle was used by the Boston physiologist James L Gamble as a means of analyzing ...

Background: In vitro data suggest that lower extracellular pH activates the immune system. We conducted a population-based study of the relation between serum acid–base status and inflammation.

This review focuses on three issues facing clinicians who care for patients with diabetic ketoacidosis; all of the issues are related to acid–base disorders. The first issue is the use of the plasma ...

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a primary reduction in serum bicarbonate (HCO 3 −) concentration, a secondary decrease in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) of ∼1 mmHg for ...

Internal acid–base homeostasis is fundamental for maintaining life. Accurate and timely interpretation of an acid–base disorder can be lifesaving, but the establishment of a correct diagnosis may be ...

Purpose: A rare adverse effect observed after dose escalation of topiramate therapy is discussed. A review of published cases, monitoring recommendations, and important counseling information for ...

Describes acid-base physiology and discusses the diagnosis and treatment of disorders associated with metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis, as well as plasma potassium disorders. Metabolic ...

Sodium is the primary cation. Chloride and bicarbonate are the primary anions. The anion gap is the numeric result of subtracting the sums of the chloride and bicarbonate concentrations from that of ...

The case: A 65-year-old man was found in a state of clouded consciousness of unknown duration. At hospital his Glasgow Coma Scale score was 9. Naloxone and thiamine were administered. A CT head scan ...

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