Multi-scale macroalgae growth models are required for the efficient design of sustainable, economically viable, and environmentally safe farms. Here, we develop a multi-scale model for Ulva sp.

Process scale-up is a critical step in advancing chemical processes from laboratory research to industrial production, involving step-by-step experiments at laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales.

Almost all computer simulations face the same trade-off: larger models can be more realistic and therefore more useful, but they also take longer to run. Engineers and scientists are therefore faced ...