WASHINGTON—Senate Republicans detailed major revisions of the House’s giant tax-and-spending bill, offering more permanent business tax breaks, deeper cuts to Medicaid, slower phaseouts for clean-energy tax credits and a much lower cap on the state and local tax deduction.

The legislation keeps some House provisions, like new Medicaid rules, while making significant changes in other areas, including Medicare and the state and local tax deduction.

Proposed changes have reportedly angered some House Representatives, and differing views on the legislation could make passing Trump's bill difficult.